:read-write

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since ⁨July 2020⁩.

The :read-write CSS pseudo-class represents an element (such as input or textarea) that is editable by the user.

Try it

label,
input[type="submit"] {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 1em;
}

*:read-write {
  background-color: ivory;
  border: 2px solid darkorange;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

<p>Please fill in your details:</p>

<form>
  <label for="email">Email Address:</label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="test@example.com" />

  <label for="note">Short note about yourself:</label>
  <textarea id="note" name="note">Don't be shy</textarea>

  <label for="pic">Your picture:</label>
  <input id="pic" name="pic" type="file" />

  <input type="submit" value="Submit form" />
</form>

Syntax

css

:read-write {
  /* ... */
}

You can use readonly form controls when you want a user to verify information they entered earlier, which you want to submit with new data in read-write controls. In the example below, the :read-only pseudo-class is used to make the <textarea> (a user's address) look like a regular paragraph. The :read-write pseudo-class provides a way to highlight the editable <textarea> (the delivery instructions):

body {
  font-family: "Josefin Sans", sans-serif;
  margin: 10px auto;
}

legend {
  color: white;
  background: black;
  padding: 5px 10px;
}

fieldset > div {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

button,
label,
textarea {
  display: block;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 5px;
  height: 30px;
}

textarea {
  width: 50%;
}

textarea {
  height: 70px;
  resize: none;
}

label {
  width: 40%;
}

css

textarea:read-only {
  border: 0;
}

textarea:read-write {
  box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 3px #ccc;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

html

<form>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Confirm details</legend>
    <div>
      <label for="address">Address:</label>
      <textarea id="address" name="address" readonly>
123 Choco Mountain,
Awesome Ridge,
CA</textarea
      >
    </div>
    <div>
      <label for="instructions">Delivery instructions</label>
      <textarea id="instructions" name="instructions"></textarea>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
  <button type="submit">Confirm</button>
</form>

Styling read-write non-form controls

This selector doesn't just select <input>/<textarea> elements — it will select any element that can be edited by the user, such as a <p> element with contenteditable set on it.

html

<p contenteditable>This paragraph is editable; it is read-write.</p>

<p>This paragraph is not editable; it is read-only.</p>

css

body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

p {
  font-size: 150%;
  padding: 5px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

p:read-only {
  background-color: red;
  color: white;
}

p:read-write {
  background-color: lime;
}

Specifications

Specification
HTML # selector-read-write
Selectors Level 4 # read-write-pseudo

Browser compatibility

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This page was last modified on ⁨Jul 23, 2025⁩ by MDN contributors.

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